Teochew Opera Serial On TV Singapura
潮剧连续剧在新加坡电视台首播
In the late 1960s or early 1970s, TV Singapura produced a few Teochew opera series in black and white. They were screened on TV which coincided with the school holidays. As I was studying in Singapore, my parents would bring me back to Johore during the school holidays. I would then follow my mum or eldest sister to one of the supervisor’s house to watch the serial. I remembered some segments of the very well scripted opera including 包公探荫山 by 老三正顺潮剧团 and 乘龙快婿 (also known as 春草闯堂) by 织云潮剧团. That was the time I believed I began to understand a bit of wayang.
In the past, a typical Teochew opera performance would normally last 4 hours. The producer would edit the script and cut the performance into four parts each lasting an hour with commercials incorporated. Subsequently, there were several productions by Singapore amateur troupes but each episode lasted an hour or so. As the amateur troupes were less established, they could only play some simple plots. At that time, I could already tell the difference in standards in performances put up by street operas and amateur troupes.
In 2007, China Teochew Opera Troupe 1 put up 春草闯堂 again in mainland China and in Thailand.
Why were Teochew street opera so popular starting from the 1930s? In Apr 2006, I came across an e-article written by the Singapore Chinese Opera Institute. See part of the article reproduced below.
梨园忆旧录之五:风雷人物谈织云 --潘忠玉先生台前幕后七十年
1999年汕头戏曲学校四十周年校庆上,遇到了新加坡潮剧界老前辈潘忠玉先生。1927年出生于新加坡的潘先生,在他11岁的时候,因生活环境困苦,父亲在无奈的情况下,一纸7年的合约书,把他们兄弟俩送入“老玉春香潮剧团” 。
谈起以往的演艺生涯,潘先生长长的叹了一口气,只用一个字来形容:“苦”!当时老玉春香的团长是陈义章,他赏识充满灵气的潘忠玉,根据他的外形条件,让他专攻小生、武生戏。但是,台上的戏好看,后台也管得紧,每个人各就各位,没有人敢马虎。
班主有财力, 出门坐马车
“老玉春香潮剧团”的戏馆在皇家山脚的“马寮巷”,即在“铁笼巷”的隔壁。童伶们就住在戏馆里练功、学戏。他的老板拥有一辆英国旧式马车,每天接送老板上下班,这在当年是一件非常风光的交通工具,也足见当年戏班 的鼎盛时期。
三十年代的戏班规模宏大,一个戏班平均有六十多人,经营者有财力。当时新加坡属英国殖民地,也是戏曲最活跃的时期。知名的潮剧团有“中赛桃源潮剧团”、“老赛永丰潮剧团”、“老玉楼春潮剧团”、“老三正顺潮剧团”;“老赛桃源潮剧团”、“新荣和兴潮剧团”和“老玉春香潮剧团”。
各出奇招, 观众如潮
举些例子来说。戏班之间的竞争非常激烈,各班都纷纷招兵买马、各出奇招,以吸引更多的观众。“老三正顺潮剧团”聘请林喜主演《江小鹤》与《黄天霸》,在本地引起了轰动。林喜是一位多才多艺的演员,他与著名的“乌衫”演员李梨利是师兄弟,李来利当时是在中国“老玉梨春潮剧团”担纲主演。
再者,就是旧戏班的规矩严格,对童伶们的要求十分苛刻,在训练上有时不近人情,演出更是不容许有丝毫的差错。当时每个戏班都有一个传统的刑罚,就是“抄公堂”。何谓“抄公堂”?相信很多童伶对这个名称有刻骨铭心的印象。只要当天的演出有一位演员唱错或念错一句台词,哪怕是帮声出现了差错,那么演出结束后,全部的演员都逃不过被打的噩运了。女生受“夹刑”(用竹子夹双手),男生打前后腿。还有另一种刑罚叫“猴仔抱”,即是双手被绑抱住双腿,身体蹲下象一只猴子似的缩成一团,由两个人拿一根棍子,从被刑罚的人手与腿之间的缝隙穿过去,然后把人倒挂起来,头朝地,臀部向上,藤条往臀部上狠狠的打下去。潘先生回想起被体罚的日子,犹有余惧。那段日子几乎天天挨打,他形容如果有一天没有被打,就好象中了马票一样。
后期联军打败日军,英国殖民地政府恢复统治新加坡后,取消了日军时期的种种约束,戏班又渐渐恢复了活动。当时兴起的戏班有如雨后春笋般,有“老赛桃源潮剧团”、“新荣和兴潮剧团”、“老玉春香潮剧团”、“老一枝香潮剧团”、“老玉梨春潮剧团”、“老赛永丰潮剧团”(后期易名“老赛宝潮剧团”)、“老玉楼春潮剧团”与“老三正顺潮剧团”。战后戏班的剧目繁多,可说创另一高峰。出名的数“老赛桃源潮剧团”的《红鬃烈马》、《背解红罗》;“新荣和兴潮剧团”的《二度梅》与“老玉春香潮剧团”的《孙膑下山》、《墓中生太子》、《赵氏孤儿》等剧目。
林如烈先生是一位有先知之明、不断追求创新、改进的有志之士。曾经不远千里到中国学编剧,虚心向京剧艺术家取经,为他日后在戏曲界奠定了基础。由他改编自越剧电影《云中落绣鞋》、《三看御妹刘金定》、《假婿乘龙》等戏获得了观众的热烈欢迎。
Thank you so much Chai Soon, I really enjoy reading and have a better understanding the history of
ReplyDeleteteochew opera. I like the pictures too, very valuable !
Tks Han Ming for your comments. I have actually written a book that captures my experience till year 2006. Later, I started to blog and did not continue a part 2. These are some of the chapters in the beginning of my book.
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